Pulmonary tuberculosis and airway inflammation – the so-called "inherent urban diseases", led to many deaths in Lviv and in other European cities before World War One. The threat of epidemic appeared only when many people arrived in the city on the occasion of great celebrations. In Lviv first alert went out at the outbreak of the war in September 1914, when doctors reported cases of cholera among Russian soldiers and civilians, who came from cholera-stricken suburbs. Mild symptoms of the disease resembled food poisoning; while acute symptoms led to severe dehydration and death. Doctors recommended hand-washing and boiling water to prevent the disease. A poor and densely populated neighborhood of Lviv, located within Zamarstynowska Street (currently Zamarstynivska Street), Żółkiewska Street (currently Bohdana Khmelnytskoho) and Źródlana Street (currently Dzherelna Street), was under the threat of epidemic outbreak in July 1915. In order to combat infectious diseases such as smallpox, dysentery, typhus and Spanish flu, the city authorities ordered to disinfect the streets, introduce compulsory vaccination, establish and equip special epidemic hospitals and barracks, as well as introduce city entry restrictions for infected people.